Macroeconomic Measures of ‘Sustainability’
回顾了可持续发展指标的政策需求，梳理了基于流量和存量的经济度量方法，包括调整国民净产值和自然资本存量，并指出当前没有单一指标足够充分。
This paper reviews the policy need for indicators of ‘sustainable development’, and the impetus behind recent moves to establish official indicators. The range of indicators available from current economic theory is then examined. These measures may be divided into those based on flows and those based on stocks. Flow‐based measures are essentially attempts to adjust Net National Product to transform it into an indicator of sustainability. Stock‐based measures revolve around the concept of the natural and man‐made capital stocks. We also consider the idea of Safe Minimum Standards as a sustainability indicator. The paper concludes that no currently‐available single measure of sustainability is likely to be adequate.