The Division of Spoils: Rent-Sharing and Discrimination in a Regulated Industry
利用美国各州逐步放松银行跨市场准入限制的25年数据，检验监管创造的租金是否被不成比例地分享给男性员工，发现放松管制后男性工资下降约12%而女性仅下降3%，且女性管理岗位占比上升。
Until the middle of the 1970's, regulations constrained banks' ability to enter new markets. Over the subsequent 25 years, states gradually lifted these restrictions. This paper tests whether rents fostered by regulation were shared with labor, and whether firms were discriminating by sharing these rents disproportionately with male workers. We find that average compensation and average wages for banking employees fell after states deregulated. Male wages fell by about 12 percent after deregulation, whereas women's wages fell by only 3 percent, suggesting that rents were shared mainly with men. Women's share of employment in managerial positions also increased following deregulation.