The effects of transport costs revisited
分别分析上游和下游产业运输成本变化对区位决策的影响，发现降低上下游企业间运输成本比降低企业与消费者间运输成本更能促进区域经济趋同。
The aim of this paper is to study the location decisions of upstream and downstream industries when transport costs in each sector are analysed separately. By using a new economic geography model built on <cross-ref refid="b16" type="bib">Venables (1996)</cross-ref>, it will be shown that the effects of cost reductions in transporting final goods are different from those in intermediate goods. Our analysis suggests that regional convergence is more the consequence of improvements in transportation between upstream and downstream firms than those between firms and consumers. This will help us to better understand the forces driving these kinds of models while giving an additional explanation to the differences between <cross-ref refid="b9" type="bib">Krugman's (1991)</cross-ref> results and those of <cross-ref refid="b16" type="bib">Venables (1996)</cross-ref>.