Parental Consumption Decisions and Child Health During the Early French Fertility Decline, 1790–1914
重新审视法国人身高的长期改善，发现生育率下降伴随家庭内儿童资源分配增加，从而促进了身高增长，同时死亡率下降也独立于食物摄入量对身高有贡献。
This article re-examines the secular improvement in human heights in France. Adult heights reflect consumption as children, so the distribution of resources between children and adults, determined primarily within households, should have influenced heights. The intrahousehold distribution of resources was influenced by the level of income and by the calorie demands of working adults. Results show that the early decline of marital fertility in France was accompanied by a small but significant increase in expenditures on child quality as measured by heights. Reductions in mortality, independent of the level of food intake, also contributed to improved heights.