LOCAL INPUT AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN U.S. MANUFACTURING: 1972-2002*
分析了1972-2002年美国都市和非都市地区制造业的增长与衰退，将实际增加值增长分解为劳动、资本和全要素生产率的贡献，并发现人力资本和集聚经济促进生产率增长，而工会化则抑制之。
ABSTRACT This research analyzes manufacturing growth and decline across metropolitan and nonmetropolitan regions during the 1972–2002 period. We decompose real value added growth across local labor market areas in the lower 48 U.S. states into contributions from labor, capital, and total factor productivity. We then estimate a model describing the long-run growth of labor, capital, and productivity and find that increased productivity increases the growth of labor and capital, as well as a positive correlation between labor and capital stock growth. We also find evidence that human capital investment and agglomeration economies encourage productivity growth, while unionization discourages it.