Double Trouble: US Low-Wage and Low-Income Workers, 1979–2011
研究了1979-2011年美国低工资且低收入工人的比例变化及其获得雇主福利和反贫困项目支持的情况，发现这类工人比例上升且最缺乏保障，并揭示了社会保护项目中的男性养家模式。
There is research on low-wage earners and on low-income adults, yet little that looks specifically at workers who are both. Changes in antipoverty programs and job structure in the United States suggest a rise in this group of workers, but not necessarily an accompanying change in the set of social protections that might cover them. We track the share of low-wage and low-income (LW/LI) workers and their access to a subset of employer benefits and antipoverty programs from 1979-2011. We explore changes by worker's gender and family status based on feminist labor market and welfare state regime research that argues jobs and social protection programs are shaped by a heteronormative male-breadwinner model. We find increased shares of LW/LI workers; that LW/LI workers are least likely to receive antipoverty supports and employer benefits; and evidence for a male-breadwinner model in US social protection programs.