Integration and Disintegration in North China's Grain Markets, 1738–1911
分析了1738至1911年华北直隶省粮食价格数据，发现省内市场逐渐碎片化，但省级市场与外部（奉天、长江下游）整合加深，并探讨了清廷政策、交通和农村市场的影响。
An analysis of grain prices from Zhili (Hebei) province in North China for the period from 1738 to 1911 demonstrates that while the province's local grain markets gradually fragmented, the provincial market as a whole simultaneously grew more closely integrated with external markets, first with Fengtian (Manchuria) and later with the Lower Yangzi region. The Qing state's food policies, the deterioration of transport routes, and the condition of rural markets provide a context for understanding these seemingly paradoxical trends.