DECENTRALIZING EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY*
研究如何通过解决局部正义问题来实现全球正义中的机会均等，发现局部控制努力程度足以分散化机会均等，且在某些条件下平等化努力回报是必要的，这意味着多数平权政策可能无助于机会均等。
In a global justice problem, equality of opportunity is satisfied if individual well‐being is independent of exogenous irrelevant characteristics. Policymakers, however, address questions involving local justice problems. We interpret a collection of local justice problems as the decentralized global justice problem. We show that controlling for effort locally, which is not required by the global justice objective, is sufficient for decentralizing equality of opportunity. Moreover, under some conditions, equalizing rewards to effort is not only sufficient but necessary. This implies in particular that most affirmative action policies may not contribute to providing equality of opportunity.