Derivation of Shadow Prices for Undesirable Outputs: A Distance Function Approach
展示了如何通过估计产出距离函数作为前沿，为非期望产出生成影子价格，以调整生产率和效率测算，并提供了实证应用。
Many production activities generate undesirable byproducts in conjunction with the desirable outputs they produce. Russell W. Pittman (1983) showed how to adjust productivity calculations, and Rolf Fare et al. (1989) showed how to adjust efficiency measures, in the presence of undesirable outputs. Here the authors show how to estimate output distance functions as frontiers in order to generate shadow values of the undesirable outputs that are required to make both types of adjustment. An empirical application is provided. Coauthors are Shawna Grosskopf, C. A. Knox Lovell, and Suthathip Yaisawarng. Copyright 1993 by MIT Press.