Discussion Note: Using Metaphors to Understand and to Change Organizations: A Critique of Gareth Morgan's Approach
批判性地评估加雷斯·摩根用隐喻理解组织的方法，指出隐喻在认识论上有效，但不能取代传统字面语言，并探讨其在组织发展变革模型中的价值与局限。
A critique of Gareth Morgan's approach to metaphor is used as the vehicle for an assessment of the value of metaphoric thinking to understanding and acting in organizations. Metaphor is shown to be an epistemologically valid approach to making sense of organizations, although not at the expense of traditional literal language approaches. Metaphoric thinking is located within the OD model of organizational change, where it functions as a valuable aid to cognitive change, while sharing some of the limitations of OD itself. Some issues for further research are outlined.