Corruption and Democracy
利用1982-1997年跨国面板数据，发现民主存续时间与腐败水平呈倒U型关系，转折点出现在民主建立后10-12年，为民主化初期腐败可能上升提供了实证证据。
Abstract Most models and empirical tests of the relationship between corruption and democracy assume corruption falls as democracy matures. Yet recent theoretical developments and case evidence suggest an inverted U relationship between the two, although so far no one has tested for this relationship. By drawing on a panel data set covering a large number of countries between 1982–1997, substantial empirical support is found for an inverted U relationship between the durability (age) of democracy and corruption. Fortunately, the turning point in corruption occurs rather early in the life of new democracies – between 10–12 years.