Technology Transfer and the National Interest
运用一般均衡贸易理论，分析美国技术转让对外直接投资和许可的影响，指出仅关注直接效应的局部均衡分析低估了技术转让对整体经济和劳动力的潜在收益。
Transfer abroad of American technology through the channels of foreign direct investment and licensing has become a focus of increasing concern. The case against technology transfer and the foreign direct investment activities with which it is associated centers on job losses and wage reductions in the industries directly affected. Transfer abroad of advanced technology stimulates foreign competition, lowering world prices of new products and reducing profits, employment, and wage growth in competing domestic industies. Outflows of American capital, often a concomitant of technology transfer, are viewed as an additional force depressing domestic productivity and earnings. Implicit in this case against technology transfer is a simple partial equilibrium analysis of resulting gains and losses. However, this paper uses standard general equilibrium trade theory to show that an anlysis confined to direct effects is of limited value in assessing overall benefits for the economy or even for the domestic labor force. Although technology transfer does usually lead to a contraction of output in the industries directly affected, it also stimulates production in other sectors of the economy as a consequence of changed prodution patterns and increased incomes abroad. Full adjustment to altered sectoral demands may therefore bring about higher real wages or expanded aggregate employment.2 Furthermore, restrictions on technology transfer may induce outflows rather than inflows of internationally mobile capital. In either case, however, a general