What Do Managers Like to Do?
开发了一个测量管理者活动偏好的工具，在五个国家发现管理者普遍喜欢领导、社交和创新，不喜欢控制、案头工作和时间压力，且性别差异与男女气质观念相关。
Previous research on the nature of managerial work has defined managerial activities, assessed their importance, and examined the contribution of the activities to managerial success and effectiveness. Researchers have not examined preferences for managerial activities, however. This article describes a paper-and-pencil instrument designed to assess managerial activity preferences and provides evidence to support its reliability and validity. Participants in five countries responded to the instrument. Results indicated that substantial similarities exist between countries in the relative attractiveness of 10 managerial activities. The managerial activities receiving the highest ratings involved leading employees, networking, and innovating. Activities receiving the lowest ratings included controlling employees, doing desk work, and handling time pressures. Country differences were related to each country’s culture and business environment. Within each country, women and men showed a high level of agreement in their preferences, and the observed gender differences were related to shared conceptions of femininity and masculinity.