Avoiding Competence Substitution Through Knowledge Sharing
因果模糊性虽能保护企业独特能力不被模仿，却可能增加被替代的风险。本文提出企业可通过识别卓越绩效的原因并用于增强对关键利益相关者的承诺可信度，从而同时延缓替代并控制模仿威胁。
Causal ambiguity protects distinctive competencies from imitation but might increase a firm's vulnerability to substitution. The authors suggest that firms can manage this tension by identifying the causes of superior performance and using this knowledge to make their commitments to key stakeholders more credible. Credible commitment allows a firm to influence its stakeholders and thereby simultaneously delay substitution and control the threat of imitation.