Buyer Structure and Seller Performance in U.S. Manufacturing Industries
研究买方市场组织如何影响卖方利润率，发现高度集中的买方在寡头垄断消费品行业中显著削弱卖方盈利能力，且这种抗衡力量不受需求条件影响。
The relationship between performance and market structure is investigated, with particular emphasis on the organization of the market on the buyers' side and its effect on seller profit margins. Based on a sample of U.S. manufacturing industries that is stratified according to product group categories as well as degree of seller concentration, it is established that highly concentrated buyers exhibit significant power to impair profitability especially in oligopolistic consumer goods industries. The impact of countervailing power appears to be strong regardless of demand conditions. Copyright 1991 by MIT Press.