The Structure of Firm R&D, the Factor Intensity of Production, and Skill Bias
利用制造业工厂数据，分析企业研发和资本如何影响要素密集度和技能偏向。研究发现，研发和资本会提高劳动相对于材料的密集度，而技能偏向则源于设备资本和特定产品研发，同时一般研发通过促进设备投资间接偏向技能。
This paper explores the effect of research and development (R&D) and capital on factor intensity and skill bias in a sample of manufacturing plants. Firm and industry R&D as well as plant level capital increase the factor intensity of labor over materials. In contrast, skill bias originates in portions of capital and R&D. Equipment capital and firm R&D in the same product as a plant are consistently skill biased, while structures are biased against skill. Furthermore, general firm and industry R&D increase investment in equipment but not structures. This shows that the skill bias of R&D occurs through two distinct channels. First, firm R&D specific to the product increases the relative demand for skilled labor directly and in the short run through the cost function. Second, general firm and industry R&D exert an additional skill bias by favoring equipment over structures in the long run, demonstrating the broader compass of the skill bias of R&D over time. © 1999 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology