Small-Firm Performance: Modeling the Role of Product and Process Improvements*
研究提出中小企业绩效的概念模型，考察环境敌意、企业规模、创新能力与国际化四个前因对产品改进或流程改进战略导向的影响，发现产品改进导向更有利于增长和利润。
Entrepreneurial and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) firm performance is a complex, multifaceted construct that should be examined with an eye toward its complexity. Our research study seeks to accomplish this examination by proposing a conceptual model of SME performance with two distinct but related outcome dimensions—growth as one dimension and profitability as another. We propose hypotheses for relationships between four antecedent factor conditions— environmental hostility, firm size, innovation capability, and internationalization—and an SME's likelihood to pursue either product improvement or process improvement as their primary strategic orientation. Furthermore, we propose that an SME product improvement orientation likely has greater influence on growth and profit performance than will a process improvement orientation. The findings of the study suggest that internationalization and innovator position have a positive impact on new product and process improvements, while environmental hostility, internationalization, and product improvement have positive influences on growth as a performance dimension. In addition and as hypothesized, the product improvement orientation is positively associated with growth and in turn profitability, whereas the process improvement orientation showed no statistical relationship to growth and ultimately profitability.