Farm Mechanization in a Semiclosed Input‐Output Model: The Philippines
用半封闭投入产出模型估算菲律宾农业机械化对就业和收入分配的影响，发现灌溉能抵消机械化的不平等效应。
Abstract Employment and income distribution consequences of farm mechanization are estimated using a semiclosed input‐output model incorporating factor intensity, consumption, and import substitution effects. Rice production and agricultural machinery vectors from the national input‐output table are disaggregated into technology specific subsectors; consumption is disaggregated into five household classes differing in consumption, savings, and imports. Simulations of a one percent change in consumer spending for rice met from one subsector compared to another indicate that indirect effects partially offset employment reduction from machinery and reinforce the employment increase from irrigation intensification. Furthermore, irrigation is found to offset the inequitable effects of mechanization.