Economic growth in the twentieth century
估算了各国人均实际产出增长率，发现二十世纪国家间差距扩大而非趋同；人类发展指数显示穷国相对表现较好。回顾了内生增长理论、增长持续性失败及技术革命对生产率的影响。
Estimates of growth rates of real output per head in various countries are presented and it is concluded that divergence has been more common than catch-up in the twentieth century. Trends in the Human Development Index are reported and these offer a more encouraging picture of the relative performance of poor countries. Key issues in growth economics are reviewed against the background of the long-run evidence; these include the plausibility of innovation-based theories of endogenous growth, the reasons for the commonplace failure of fast-growing countries to sustain their growth, and the impact of technological revolutions on productivity growth.