Social demands as strategic issues: Some conceptual problems
认为企业应将社会需求视为战略问题，并扩展了Ackerman和Bauer的领先-滞后方法，讨论了将社会需求纳入战略规划时面临的测量、不确定性和缺乏共同度量单位等概念问题。
Abstract We argue that business firms are faced with new and changing social demands, and that it will be advantageous to the firm to treat the social demands as strategic issues. However, responding to these social demands strategically requires the application of new managerial concepts and techniques. In this paper we extend conceptually the lead‐lag methodology of Ackerman and Bauer (1976), developed to deal with the evolutionary nature of social demands. Then we describe the problems of measurement, uncertainty and lack of common units of measures that have to be overcome before the responses to the social demands can be included in the strategic planning and budget process.