Gender Roles and the Division of Unpaid Work in Spanish Households
利用2002-3年西班牙时间利用调查数据，检验了“做性别”假说与传统家庭模型在解释女性家务劳动份额随相对收入变化时的适用性，发现家务劳动支持“做性别”假说，而育儿时间则呈现稳定模式。
This paper examines the role of the doing-gender hypothesis versus traditional models of the household in explaining how the woman's share of home labor varies with relative earnings. The findings, using the 2002-3 Spanish Time Use Survey (STUS; Spanish Statistical Office 2003), support the doing-gender hypothesis in the case of housework: a woman's relative share of housework fails to decrease with her relative earnings beyond the point where her earnings are the same as her husband's. In contrast, a woman's share of childcare time displays a flat pattern over the distribution of her spouse's relative earnings. This last result is neither consistent with traditional theories of the household, nor with the doing-gender hypothesis. It can, however, still be interpreted in light of social norms, whereby women specialize in this type of caring activity regardless of their relative productivity or bargaining power.