Recreation Nonparticipation as Choice Behavior Rather Than Statistical Outcome
在休闲需求模型中，将不参与视为基于偏好和价格门槛的选择行为，而非统计上的零需求概率，从而更准确预测非参与率和用户群体规模。
Abstract In recreation demand models nonparticipation is usually estimated as the probability mass on zero demand given a positive level of expected demand and a discrete distribution of demand outcomes. Researchers have attempted to improve predictions of nonparticipation by modifying the parameters of the demand distribution. This study departs from previous approaches by explicitly incorporating nonparticipation into the behavioral model. The choice to participate is described by a distribution of preferences combined with a choke price on individual demands to distinguish participants from nonparticipants. The model is found to accurately predict nonparticipation and the size of the user group.