The Empowerment Process: Integrating Theory and Practice
分析赋能的构念及其过程，整合管理与心理学文献中的不同视角，并识别导致无力感的先决条件及赋能下属的实践。
Despite increasing attention on the topic of empowerment, our under-standing of the construct and its underlying processes remains limited. This article addresses these shortcomings by providing an analytical treatment of the construct and by integrating the diverse approaches to empowerment found in both the management and psychology literatures. In addition, the authors identify certain antecedent conditions of powerlessness and practices that have been hypothesized to empower subordinates.