Lanchester market structures: A. Japanese approach to the analysis of business competition
日本顾问用兰彻斯特军事模型定义垄断、双头垄断、寡头垄断等市场结构，并利用PIMS数据库检验其稳定性，发现结构间变动遵循马尔可夫过程。
Abstract Japanese consultants have used Lanchester's military models to define monopoly, premium, duopoly, oligopoly and polyopoly market structures in which competitive conditions differ. These situations are investigated using the PIMS database. The findings refute the idea that monopoly and premium structures are more stable than the others. Instead movements between structures seem to follow a Markov process.