Total Factor Productivity in the Contiguous United States, 1977–1986
使用线性规划方法测量1977-1986年美国48个州的全要素生产率变化，并将其分解为技术进步、纯技术效率变化和规模经济变化，以区分创新州和追赶州。
A linear programming technique is used to measure total factor productivity change in the contiguous 48 states during the period 1977 to 1986. The technique allows the decomposition of productivity change into its constituent parts: technological change, changes in pure technical efficiency, and changes in scale economies. This decomposition is used to identify “innovative” states that are pushing out the production frontier as opposed to states that are primarily in the process of ‘catching‐up.’