Micro Estimates of Public Spending Demand Functions and Tests of the Tiebout and Median-Voter Hypotheses
利用密歇根州家庭调查数据估计公共支出需求函数，发现收入弹性为正源于公共服务偏向富人，并验证了蒂伯特机制在都市区有效，而农村地区因选择少导致实际支出与理想水平偏差较大。
Responses to questions given to a random sample of Michigan households are used to estimate public spending demand functions. While income and price elasticities are similar to those obtained from aggregate data, positive income elasticities appear to arise because public services are distributed in a prorich manner. A relatively small variance in spending demands among urban and suburban communities in metropolitan areas with substantial public service variety suggests that the Tiebout mechanism works. This interpretation is supported by the fact that actual spending conforms substantially to desired levels in urban areas, but less so in rural areas with little public sector choice.