Has the Race Penalty for Black Women Disappeared in the United States?
研究发现美国黑人女性因种族因素比同等技能的白人女性少赚7%，同一职业内也少3%，主要源于职业隔离和教育回报差异。
This paper finds that black women earn 7 percent less than similarly skilled white women because of their race. Even within the same occupational category, black women earn 3 percent less than similarly qualified white women. Black women receive lower pay primarily due to occupational segregation and because they are rewarded with lower earnings than white women for equivalent levels of education and other human capital characteristics.