Measures of distorting support in the context of production quotas
基于对偶理论构建了一个衡量农业支持措施的通用框架，将总支持分解为中性部分和与固定数量影子价格相关的扭曲部分，并应用于1986-1988年欧共体农业部门，发现若采用扭曲性概念可在GATT中额外获得44亿ECU的“信用”。
This paper provides a general framework for measuring farm support when both price and quantity policy instruments are used jointly. It is based on duality theory in production, i.e., on profit functions corresponding to different (dis-)equilibrium situations. Total Support is decomposed into a Neutral component and a Distorting part related to shadow prices of fixed quantities. An application to the reduction in support to the EC farm sector from 1986 to 1988 suggests that the EC could claim an extra 4.4 billion ECU of ‘credit’ if the Distorting concept had been used in the GATT. Limitations of quotas as second-best policies are pointed out