Spillovers to foreign market participants: assessing the impact of export strategies on innovative productivity
研究出口企业如何从海外市场获取知识溢出并提升创新生产率，发现出口到发达国家及直接出口的企业创新更多，基于1990-1997年西班牙制造业样本。
Although a substantial body of research has investigated spillovers to FDI, we know very little about whether, and how, firms stand to benefit from spillovers without making such crossborder investments. In this study I investigate this issue by examining the ex-post innovative benefits that accrue to exporting firms. I argue that exporters access diverse knowledge inputs not available in the domestic market.This knowledge spills back to the focal firm and results in increased innovation. I explore how exporters derive such knowledge-based advantages by examining the relationship between export strategies and innovative productivity. Specifically, I contend that firms that export to developed countries will experience increased innovative productivity. Similarly, firms that reach the foreign market directly rather than relying on export brokers should innovate more, as they maintain closer ties with their information conduits.The empirical analysis is conducted using a stratified representative sample of Spanish manufacturing firms from 1990 to 1997. The dependent variable (innovation) is measured using several widely employed proxies including patent counts and innovation counts. I find that export strategies influence innovation in complex ways. I discuss the relevance of these findings for research in international business, strategy, and innovation.