Revisiting the Meaning of Development: A Multidimensional Taxonomy of Developing Countries
质疑仅用人均收入衡量发展的做法，通过聚类分析构建基于四个发展概念框架的多维分类，揭示现有分类的不足和全球贫困分布的变化。
Many have challenged the use of income per capita as the primary proxy for measuring development since Seers's seminal works. This article continues this tradition with a more recent twist. We use cluster analysis to build a multidimensional taxonomy of developing countries using a set of indicators covering four conceptual frames on 'development'. The value-added of the article is not to suggest that our classification is the end in itself, but - more modestly - to demonstrate that more work on taxonomies is required in light of the weakness of classifications based solely on income and the changing distribution of global poverty.