Water access, farm productivity, and farm household income: Sri Lanka's Kirindi Oya irrigation system
研究了斯里兰卡Kirindi Oya灌溉系统中农户因水资源获取差异导致的收入差距，通过测量实际用水量，发现不同季节和区域用水差异显著，并提出了更优的水资源分配方案以提高水稻净收益和减少收入不平等。
Income differences attributed to differential access to water in irrigation systems are common. Prior studies of farm-level water use in developing areas have typically been limited to using number of irrigations as a proxy for water use. We develop a volumetric measure in Sri Lanka's Kirindi Oya Irrigation System through recent farmer recall and use it in production function estimation and welfare analysis. Findings indicate substantial differences in water use by farms across seasons and across subareas of the irrigation district. Alternative plans for allocating additional water among seasons and subareas to elevate net rice revenues are examined. The recommended plan predicts higher net returns from rice and greater equality in the distribution of household income than would be generated if the additional water were allocated based on the current allocation criteria. Concurrent application of fertilizer at recommended levels would further increase net revenues and reduce income inequality.