Union Effects on Municipal Employment and Wages: A Longitudinal Approach
利用1977-1980年约900个美国城市的面板数据，分析工会对市政部门就业和工资的影响，发现横截面结果支持工会政治影响假说，但纵向分析结果不支持。
This article examines municipal union employment and wage effects in a sample of police, fire, sanitation, streets and highways, and finance and control departments from approximately 900 U.S. cities during 1977-80. Cross-section results for 1980 suggest positive union contract effects on fire fighter and sanitation employment and wages, consistent with demand shifts due to union political influence in municipal bargaining. The author then models potential omitted variables as nonstationary fixed effects and applies longitudinal models to estimation of employment and wage changes between 1977 and 1980. The longitudinal results provide little support for the demand shift hypothesis. Copyright 1993 by University of Chicago Press.