From Traditional DB to Notional DC Systems: The Pension Reform Process in Sweden, Italy, and Germany
批判性审视了将公共现收现付制养老金从待遇确定型转为名义缴费确定型的改革策略，指出设计得当的NDC系统虽含经济与政治机制，但其与DB系统的区别比通常声称的更模糊。
This paper provides a critical review of the pension reform strategy that turns defined benefits (DB) public pay-as-you-go-systems into notional defined contribution (NDC) systems. We show that properly designed NDC public pension systems contain powerful economic and political mechanisms that may facilitate pension reform, but that the distinction between public NDC and DB systems is more ambiguous than usually claimed.