Spatial allocation and the shadow pricing of product characteristics
研究农产品加工行业中产品特征（如碳水化合物、蛋白质）在空间和商品间的分配，构建空间竞争市场均衡模型，并应用于美国乳制品行业的区域资源分配分析。
The paper considers an industry transforming primary commodities (farm products) into processed commodities (food products). It focuses on the allocation of embedded characteristics (carbohydrate, protein, etc.) both across space and among commodities. The approach generates a spatial competitive market equilibrium of production, consumption, transformation, and trade for both primary and processed commodities, along with the spatial distribution of shadow prices for the product characteristics. The model provides a basis for analyzing the allocation and pricing of agricultural products, food products, and characteristics in spatial markets. The empirical usefulness of the model is illustrated in the context of regional resource allocation in the U.S. dairy sector.