Protection, Real Wages, and the Neoclassical Ambiguity with Interindustry Flows
指出，在包含产业间流动的模型中，关税等贸易政策对实际工资的影响不再模糊，可能使劳动者获益或受损超过其他群体，且受保护行业资本所有者可能受损，未受保护行业资本所有者可能获益。
The strong relationship between commodity price changes and factor price changes that characterizes the standard Ricardo-Viner model does not extend to a model which includes interindustry flows. A change in relative commodity prices, induced, for example, by a tariff, may have an unambiguous effect on real wages--an effect that is free from index-number considerations involving labor's preferences. Labor may gain or lose more than any other group in the economy. Capital owners in the protected industry may be hurt by protection, or capital owners in the unprotected industry may benefit from protection. Employment may be shifted from the protected to the unprotected industry.