FDI, Social Ties and Technological Learning in New Silicon Valley Clones. Evidence from the Costa Rican ICT Cluster
基于150次访谈，研究揭示了当地企业家与跨国公司主管的社会联系如何影响哥斯达黎加ICT集群中的技术学习，解释了外国直接投资对技术学习效果有限的原因。
Abstract This study, based on qualitative evidence collected through 150 interviews with local entrepreneurs, multinational corporations (MNC) directors, and other actors, contributes to the understanding of the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) by showing that the social ties of local entrepreneurs and MNC directors affect technological learning in the Costa Rican information and communication technologies (ICT) cluster in ways that are often overlooked by the literature on technological capabilities. It illustrates that the social disembeddedness of MNC directors and the low endowment of transnational social ties of local entrepreneurs contribute to explain the limited effect of FDI on technological learning in the Costa Rican Silicon Valley clone.