Tourism and economic development: A survey
综述旅游对经济发展的贡献与成本，包括外汇、收入和就业，分析旅游需求模型及发展中国家面临的挑战，探讨旅游供给部门及环境资源可持续利用问题。
This article surveys the literature on tourism and economic development, identifying the contribution that tourism can make to development, including foreign currency, income and employment, and the costs that it entails. Single equation and system of equations models for estimating tourism demand are provided, indicating developing countries’ potential to benefit from increasing expenditure on tourism but their susceptibility to deterioration in price competitiveness. The main sectors of tourism supply ‐transportation, tour operators, travel agents and accommodation ‐are examined and the importance of cross‐country integration between firms is highlighted. The article argues that many of the problems associated with the use of environmental resources for tourism stem from market failure, and it considers methods for increasing, sustainably, the returns from them.