Technological Change, Technological Catch-up, and Capital Deepening: Relative Contributions to Growth and Convergence
将劳动生产率增长分解为技术变革、技术追赶和资本积累三部分，发现技术变革非中性，且增长与两极分化主要由资本深化驱动。
We decompose labor-productivity growth into components attributable to (1) technological change (shifts in the world production frontier), (2) technological catch-up (movements toward or away from the frontier), and (3) capital accumulation (movement along the frontier). The world production frontier is constructed using deterministic methods requiring no specification of functional form for the technology nor any assumption about market structure or the absence of market imperfections. We analyze the evolution of the cross-country distribution of labor productivity in terms of the tripartite decomposition, finding that technological change is decidedly nonneutral and that both growth and bipolar international divergence are driven primarily by capital deepening.