American and European manufacturing practices: An analytical framework and comparisons
提出了一个双边比较制造实践的分析框架，并用全球制造研究小组的数据比较了北美和西欧的制造实践，发现两个区域在119个变量中不到10%有显著差异，表明合资企业失败的原因可能不在于制造实践差异。
Abstract This paper presents a general analytical framework for making bilateral comparisons of manufacturing practices. The approach suggests a grouping of the data, defines a conservative test called a pure regional effect, and matches the data types to the appropriate statistical tests. The methodology is used to compare manufacturing practices in North America with those in Western Europe using data compiled by the Global Manufacturing Research Group. The broad hypothesis tested is that the two regions are more similar than different. For the two industries studied (small machine tools and nonfashion textiles), this hypothesis holds. Fewer than 10% of the 119 variables investigated have a significant pure regional effect. This suggests that the lack of success of joint ventures between North American and European firms must be attributed to factors other than differences in manufacturing practices. These variables for which significant effects were found reflect differences in external orientation, asset utilization and the management of details. Despite the overall similarities, differences in these factors could be important for American Managers contemplating partnerships with European companies.