Enabling Environments: Do Anti-Poverty Programmes Mobilise the Poor?
探讨政府等机构如何设计反贫困计划以动员穷人，分析直接方法的利弊，主张通过创建赋能制度环境间接促进穷人、社会活动家和基层政治企业家参与扶贫动员，并以尼泊尔农村供水和印度马哈拉施特拉邦就业保障计划为例说明。
How can 'friends of the poor' in government or other agencies design and manage their anti-poverty programmes to encourage mobilisation? We explore the options, point out the advantages and disadvantages of the more direct methods, and make a case for the indirect or parametric approach: creating an enabling institutional environment, that encourages poor people, social activists and grassroots political entrepreneurs to invest in pro-poor mobilisation. We then present a language for understanding the various dimensions of this enabling institutional environment, and use it to examine two contrasting, successful cases: rural water supply in Nepal, and the Employment Guarantee Scheme in Maharashtra, India.