The Risk of Disclosure for Microdata
为统计机构评估公开微观数据中的披露风险提供了决策理论框架，区分了身份披露和属性披露，并给出了风险公式。
Statistical agencies that provide microdata for public use strive to keep the risk of disclosure of confidential information negligible. Assessing the magnitude of the risk of disclosure is not easy, however. Whether a data user or intruder attempts to obtain confidential information from a public-use file depends on the perceived costs of identifying a record, the perceived probability of success, and the information expected to be gained. In this article, a decision-theoretic framework for risk assessment that includes the intruder's objectives and strategy for compromising the data base and the information gained by the intruder is developed. Two kinds of microdata disclosure are distinguished—disclosure of a respondent's identity and disclosure of a respondent's attributes as a result of an unauthorized identification. A formula for the risk of identity disclosure is given, and a simple approximation to it is evaluated.