Transmission Rights and Market Power on Electric Power Networks
分析输电权分配如何影响发电商和用户的市场势力行为，比较金融输电权与物理输电权的效果，发现持有金融权增强垄断发电商的市场势力，而物理权可能导致低效率的容量囤积。
We analyze whether and how the allocation of transmission rights associated with the use of electric power networks a ects the behavior of electricity generators and electricity consumers with market power.We consider two alternative t ypes of transmission rights: 1 nancial rights which give the owner a share of the congestion charges which accrue to the network operator when the network is congested and 2 physical rights which give the owner the right to utilize scarce transmission capacity without paying additional congestion charges.The analysis rst focuses on a two-node network where there are cheap generation supplies available in an exporting region, expensive generation supplies controlled by a single rm in an importing region, and a congested transmission link between the two regions.We nd that holding nancial rights enhances the market power of a monopoly generator in the importing region.The ultimate allocation of rights depends on the microstructure of the rights market through the ability of initial rights holders to free ride on generators with market power enhancing the value of the transmission rights.We next examine whether and how reliance on physical rather than nancial rights a ects these results.We nd that holding physical rights can both enhance the market power of a generator in the importing region and lead it ine ciently to restrict imports of cheap power from the exporting region by withholding some physical rights from the rights market.Ine cient withholding of physical rights leads us to consider capacity release rules which mitigate withholding.These results are summarized with a comparison of the welfare properties of nancial and physical rights with and without capacity release rules.The paper concludes with discussions of extensions to alternative buyer and seller market power con gurations and to a three-node network to incorporate loop ow considerations.The extension to the three-node network does not change the basic conceptual results, but does reveal complications with the use of physical rights in the presence of loop ow.