The Organizational Imperative in Science
评估了组织依附过程对科学家的普遍影响，发现大学科学家对组织的忠诚与工作条件满意度相关，而非学术科学家则与组织形成功能性研究关系，揭示了组织在科研动机和科学发展中的关键作用。
An evaluation of organizational attachment processes accentuates the pervasive influence work sites have on the community of scientists. Work climates determine the distribution of rewards and resources to researchers and by meeting both personal and professional objectives can encourage allegiance to a specific organization. The basis for organizational allegiance, however, varies by employment sector: the fidelity of university scientists is related to satisfaction with general work conditions and is not necessarily connected to their research work; in contrast, non-academic scientists — employed at governmental and industrial laboratories — develop strong functional research relationships with their organizations. These complementary work locations for stable scientific careers highlight the organizational imperative as a vital link between alternative motivational structures for researchers and the development of the scientific enterprise.