Regional and technological dualism: A dual‐dual development framework applied to Puerto Rico
提出了一个'双重二元'框架，同时捕捉区域二元性（城乡之间）和技术二元性（传统与现代技术之间），并应用于分析波多黎各1950-1970年工业化优先发展战略下的就业、迁移和收入分配模式。
A ‘dual‐dual’ framework is proposed which captures the prevailing regional dualism (between rural and urban areas) and technological dualism (between traditional and modern techniques). Six interdependent sectors are specified: 1) urban formal, 2) urban informal, 3) rural non‐farm formal, 4) rural non‐farm informal, 5) rural farm formal, and 6) rural farm informal. The framework is applied to the case of Puerto Rico and its experience with an ‘industrialisation‐first’ development strategy between 1950 and 1970. It is shown that this framework lends itself well to the analysis of such issues as the pattern of employment, migration, and income distribution among regions and sectors.