Agricultural Structure and Proto-Industrialization in Russia: Economic Development With Unfree Labor
提出新观点，认为俄国农奴制下的经济条件并未阻碍工业化，反而通过促进农民的非农业活动推动了原始工业化，挑战了传统上认为1861年农奴解放后才开始工业化的看法。
A revised view of the nature of Russian industrialization is proposed. It is argued that economic conditions on the serf estates did not hinder industrialization; they in fact facilitated proto-industrialization by promoting the nonagricultural pursuits of the peasantry. In opposition to the traditional view that industrialization took place after the Emancipation of the serfs in 1861, and that there was an “agrarian crisis” in the nineteenth century, it is argued that industrialization was well underway on a wide scale on the basis of serf labor before 1861. The so-called agrarian crisis may really have been a period of increased proto-industrial activity by the peasants.