A Test for Payment Card Biases
针对条件价值评估中支付卡可能存在的范围偏差和中心偏差，本文设计了一种指数响应尺度的支付卡，并通过四种不同范围和中心值的版本进行检验，发现仅当支付卡截断或未呈现价值分布上端时存在偏差。
Concerns have been raised that payment cards used in contingent valuation method studies may be subject to range and centering biases. This paper develops a payment card using an exponential response scale. A test for biases is conducted with four versions of the payment card that have greatly different ranges and center values. Range and centering biases are not found except when the payment card truncates, or does not present, the upper end of the value distribution that respondents may desire to select.