Environment, Strategy, and the Implementation of Administrative Change: The Case of Civil Service Reform.
比较了创业型通才组织和效率型专才组织实施行政创新的差异：通才组织高层推动但难实现，专才组织易实现但需求低。
A comparative study was done on implementing innovations by an entrepreneurial-generalist and an efficiencybased specialist organization. In the generalist organization administrative innovation was sought by top management to improve coordination, but was difficult to achieve. In the specialist organization, administrative innovation was more easily achieved, but was less sought after.