An empirical comparison of flexible demand system functional forms
比较了八种常用灵活需求函数形式的性能，发现具有全局性质的函数表现更好，尤其是渐近全局灵活模型。基于美国消费数据，结果显示大多数数据点消费成分间存在替代性，且美国经济衰退期间替代性波动明显。
Abstract This paper compares the performance of eight frequently used flexible forms that are either (1) locally flexible, (2) ‘effectively globally regular’, or (3) asymptotically globally flexible. Results show that the functions with global properties generally perform better, particularly those models having asymptotic properties. Results, using US consumption data, indicate substitutability among the components of consumption at most data points. There is also some interesting substitution volatility around the time of recessions in the USA. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.