Does Leadership Make a Difference to Organizational Performance?
评估了CEO对企业绩效影响的研究，反驳了领导者受情境约束而影响甚微的观点，通过改进方法对英国大型零售企业的研究，提供了领导者确实有影响的证据。
? 1988 by Cornell University. 0001 -8392/88/3303-0388/$1 .00. This paper evaluates research on the impact of chief executive officers on corporate performance, taking Lieberson and O'Connor's pathbreaking study as its starting point. Although that study is commonly regarded as the principal source of empirical support for the view that leaders have little impact on organizational performance because they are constrained by situational factors, it is argued here that the study and its derivatives have provided consistent and compelling evidence that individual leaders do make a difference. The results of a study of large retail firms in the United Kingdom, designed to overcome the methodological problems of earlier studies of leadership and performance, are presented in support of this argument.