Patent Citations and the Geography of Knowledge Spillovers: Evidence from Inventor- and Examiner-added Citations
利用专利中发明人和审查员添加引用的地理匹配率差异，发现知识溢出在国家和区域层面存在本地化效应，且国际边界构成持久障碍。
I report new evidence for localized knowledge spillovers identified by within-patent variations in the geographic matching rates of citations added by inventors and citations added by examiners. Evaluated at the mean citation lag, inventor citations are 20% more likely than examiner citations to match the country of origin of their citing patent, whereas U.S. inventor citations are 25% more likely to match the state or metropolitan area of their citing patent. The localization of intranational knowledge spillovers declines with the passage of time, but international borders present a persistent barrier to spillovers. Copyright by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.